You should not give your own ideas or criticisms as part of the summary. In the first sentence, or in a footnote or endnote.Ģ. Made to the original piece either in the title ("A Summary of."), Paraphrase of the whole text using your own words. "What are the major pieces of evidence?". Idea of the text?", "What are the main supporting points?", It should answer basic questions about the original text suchĪs "Who did what, where, and when?", or "What is the main A good summary should give an objective outline of the whole piece of Much as possible, rather than copying or just rearranging. The ideas in your own way, using your own vocabulary and expressions as Technical expressions is probably unavoidable. Ideas, and the main evidence for each idea. List or cluster the main idea of the whole piece, the main supporting Transition wordsĬan help understanding of the overall structure of a passage.Ģ. That are repeated several times are likely to be keywords. For example, you could look for all the topic sentences. As you read, underline all the important points and and all the importantĮvidence. (We will talk more about plagiarism later in the course.)ġ. Marks if you are actually quoting, in order to avoid plagiarism. In such cases, it is extremely important to use your own words, or quotation Summarize the the main points of a book that is relevant to your topic. (It is also a good idea to turn lectureī) When writing academic papers people often need to insert summaries of Your memory, for example when you are revising for an exam, or when youĪre talking about it in class. You can also refer to it later to refresh The whole of something rather than on just following each word or sentence.Ī) If you are reading something that is very important for your studiesĪnd/or difficult to understand, writing a summary helps you to make sure In general terms, writing summaries is a good way of improving one'sĪbility to read because it forces the reader to focus on understanding On the other hand, to write a summary it is necessary to understand a passage as a whole, and therefore at a deeper level, than when one's purpose is just to answer questions.ġ. In other words, there is unlikely to be only one "correct" summary. Even if they agree, they will probably write their summaries in different ways. Since people have different backgrounds and read for different purposes, it is possible that different readers will interpret a writer's message in different ways. This involves reading to understand the message that the writer has for the reader, rather than reading in order to get the correct answer to someone else's questions. However, when you read in order to write a summary, you must read in order to decide for yourself what the main points are. In that case, you probably read the questions first and then read the passage in order to find the correct answer. You may be used to reading English in order to answer questions set by someone else. A summary omits details, and does not include the reader's Have heard, such as a lecture, or something that you have seen and heard, It is also possible to summarize something that you Of a piece of writing such as a newspaper article, the chapter of a book, A summary is a record in a reader's own words that gives the main points
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